Investigating the Relationship Between the World Giving Index and the Donations in Lions Clubs International Foundation
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.54201/iajas.v4i1.104Keywords:
public services, money donation, lions clubs, world giving index, theory of planned behaviourAbstract
There is much research on how to improve the provision of local public services without having to increase municipal public spending. Latest trends stress out the role of citizens and non-governmental organizations (NGOs) that can provide various public services using private funding (donations) and volunteers. This paper analyses the relationship between the World Giving Index and donation in a selected NGO, the Lions Clubs International Foundation (LCIF). We investigate whether financial donations made to international humanitarian LCIF in different countries around the world influence the World Giving Index. Main methods used are panel regression and correlation analysis on the sample of 97 countries and 116,033 donors. The results suggest that donations made to LCIF have a positive impact on the World Giving Index. We support our findings with extended theory of planned behaviour model for Slovakia based on a questionnaire with 150 respondents.
References
Afonso, A., Schuknecht, L., & Tanzi, V. (2010). Public sector efficiency: evidence for new EU member states and emerging markets. Applied Economics, 42(17), 2147–2164. https://doi.org/10.1080/00036840701765460
Ajzen, I. (1985). From intention to actions: A theory of planned behavior. In J. Kuhl, & J. Beckmann (Eds.), Action control: From cognition to behavior (pp. 11–39). Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-69746-3_2
Ajzen, I. (1991). The theory of planned behavior. Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes, 50(2), 179–211. https://doi.org/10.1016/0749-5978(91)90020-T
Aldashev, G., & Navarra, C. (2018). Development NGOs: basic facts. Annals of Public and Cooperative Economics, 89(1), 125–155. https://doi.org/10.1111/apce.12188
Andreasen, A. R., Kotler, P., & Parker, D. (2008). Strategic Marketing for Nonprofit Organizations. Pearson/Prentice Hall.
Armitage, C. J., & Conner, M. (2001). Efficacy of the theory of planned behaviour: A meta‐analytic review. British Journal of Social Psychology, 40(4), 471–499. https://doi.org/10.1348/014466601164939
Beslerová, S., & Dzuričková, J. (2014). Quality of life measurements in EU countries. Procedia Economics and Finance, 12, 37–47. https://doi.org/10.1016/S2212-5671(14)00318-9
Bozionelos, G., & Bennett, P. (1999). The theory of planned behaviour as predictor of exercise: The moderating influence of beliefs and personality variables. Journal of Health Psychology, 4(4), 517–529. https://doi.org/10.1177/135910539900400406
Charities Aid Foundation. (2021). CAF World Giving Index 2021, A global pandemic special report. Charities Aid Foundation. Online: https://tinyurl.com/59em2r3w
Conner, M., & Armitage, C. J. (1998). Extending the theory of planned behavior: A review and avenues for further research. Journal of Applied Social Psychology, 28(15), 1429–1464. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1559-1816.1998.tb01685.x
Conner, M., Norman, P., & Bell, R. (2002). The theory of planned behavior and healthy eating. Health Psychology, 21(2), 194–201. https://doi.org/10.1037/0278-6133.21.2.194
Conner, M., Warren, R., Close, S., & Sparks, P. (1999). Alcohol consumption and the theory of planned behavior: An examination of the cognitive mediation of past behaviorid. Journal of Applied Social Psychology, 29(8), 1676–1704. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1559-1816.1999.tb02046.x
Dufková, G. & Šálek, P. (2022). Effects of Development Aid on Donor’s Exports: A Case of the Czech Republic. Review of Economic Perspectives, 22(3), 171–191. https://doi.org/10.2478/revecp-2022-0008
Everett, J. A. C., Caviola, L., Kahane, G., Savulescu, J., & Faber, N. S. (2015). Doing good by doing nothing? The role of social norms in explaining default effects in altruistic contexts. European Journal of Social Psychology, 45(2), 230–241. https://doi.org/10.1002/ejsp.2080
Fishbein, M., & Ajzen, I. (2010). Predicting and changing behavior: The reasoned action approach. Psychology Press.
Giving USA Foundation. (2021). The Annual Report on Philanthropy for the Year 2020. Giving USA Foundation. https://doi.org/10.57912/23887701.v1
Hladká, M. & Hyánek, V. (2015). Motives for donating: what inspires our decisions to make a donation to non-profit organisations? Review of Economic Perspectives, 15(4), 357–382. https://doi.org/10.1515/revecp-2015-0026
Internal Revenue Service. (2022). Tax-Exempt Status for Your Organization, Department of the Treasury, Publication 557 (Rev. January 2022), Cat. No. 46573C. Online: https://www.irs.gov/publications/p557
Jones, A., & Posnett, J. (1991). Charitable donations by UK households: evidence from the Family Expenditure Survey. Applied Economics, 23(2), 343–351. https://doi.org/10.1080/00036849100000143
Knowles, S. R., Hyde, M. K., & White, K. M. (2012). Predictors of young people’s charitable intentions to donate money: An extended theory of planned behavior perspective. Journal of Applied Social Psychology, 42(9), 2096–2110. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1559-1816.2012.00932.x
Kou, X., Hayat, A. D., Mesch, D. J., & Osili, U. O. (2014). The global dynamics of gender and philanthropy in membership associations: A study of charitable giving by Lions Clubs International members. Nonprofit and Voluntary Sector Quarterly, 43(2_suppl), 18S–38S. https://doi.org/10.1177/0899764013502583
Lapsánszky, A. (2021). Communications as a networked public service – What is left of public service in a liberalised competitive market? Institutiones Administrationis – Journal of Administrative Sciences, 1(1), 40–58. https://doi.org/10.54201/iajas.v1i1.7
Lapuente, V., & Van de Walle, S. (2020). The effects of new public management on the quality of public services. Governance, 33(3), 461–475. https://doi.org/10.1111/gove.12502
LCIF (2020). LCIF Donations Drilldown Report tracked by LCI for the year 2020. Available only to members of LCI.
LCIF. (2022a). LCIF Mission. Lions Clubs International Foundation. Online: https://www.lionsclubs.org/en/discover-our-foundation/mission
LCIF. (2022b). Guide to LCIF Grant Opportunities. Lions Clubs International Foundation, LCIF646_EN 20/20. Online: https://www.lionsclubs.org/en/lcif-grants-toolkit
LCIF. (2022c). Campaign 100. Lions Clubs International Foundation. Online: https://www.lionsclubs.org/en/search-results?keys=Campaign+100
Lee, L., Piliavin, J. A., & Call, V. R. A. (1999). Giving time, money, and blood: Similarities and differences. Social Psychology Quarterly, 62(3), 276–290. https://doi.org/10.2307/2695864
Ling, H. E. (2012). A study of the relationship between indicators and public donation intention in Penang: A perspective of planned behavior theory with inclusion of some cognitive factors. [Doctoral dissertation.] Universiti Sains Malaysia. Online: https://tinyurl.com/ypfezc6x
Meričková, B. M., Nemec, J., Svidroňová, M. M., & Pischko, V. (2017). Analysis of the relationship between the size and structure of public expenditure and socio-economic development. Ekonomický časopis, 65(4), 320–333.
Miller, Z. D. (2017). The enduring use of the theory of planned behavior. Human Dimensions of Wildlife, 22(6), 583–590. https://doi.org/10.1080/10871209.2017.1347967
Modi, P. (2012). Measuring market orientation in nonprofit organizations. Journal of Strategic Marketing, 20(5), 447–460. https://doi.org/10.1080/0965254X.2012.689991
Mohd Arshad, M. N. (2016). Determinants of charitable giving in Malaysia. Humanomics, 32(4), 459–473. https://doi.org/10.1108/H-01-2016-0007
Muthová, N. J., Svidroňová, M. -M, & Vitálišová, K. (2022). Smart Interventions for Smart Cities: Using Behavioral Economy in Increasing Revenue from Local Fees and Why It Might Sometimes Fail. In O. Gervasi, B. Murgante, S. Misra, A. M. A. C. Rocha, & C. Garau (Eds), Computational Science and Its Applications – ICCSA 2022 Workshops. Lecture Notes in Computer Science, vol 13382. (pp. 141–156). Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-10592-0_12
Norman, P., & Smith, L. (1995). The theory of planned behaviour and exercise: An investigation into the role of prior behaviour, behavioural intentions and attitude variability. European Journal of Social Psychology, 25(4), 403–415. https://doi.org/10.1002/ejsp.2420250405
Nurjanah, F., Sakinah, M., & Muhammad, A. (2021). Chicken-and-egg dilemma between income and alms: review of Islamic perspectives. Airlangga International Journal of Islamic Economics and Finance, 4(1), 1–17. https://doi.org/10.20473/aijief.v4i1.23173
Padanyi, P., & Gainer, B. (2004). Market orientation in the nonprofit sector: Taking multiple constituencies into consideration. Journal of Marketing Theory and Practice, 12(2), 43–58. https://doi.org/10.1080/10696679.2004.11658518
Pharoah, C., & Tanner, S. (1997). Trends in charitable giving. Fiscal Studies, 18(4), 427–443. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1475-5890.1997.tb00272.x
Piferi, R. L., Jobe, R. L., & Jones, W. H. (2006). Giving to others during national tragedy: The effects of altruistic and egoistic motivations on long-term giving. Journal of Social and Personal Relationships, 23(1), 171–184. https://doi.org/10.1177/0265407506060185
Reiling, H. T. (1958). Federal Taxation: What Is a Charitable Organization? American Bar Association Journal, 44(6), 525–598.
Sargeant, A., Foreman, S., & Liao, M. N. (2002). Operationalizing the marketing concept in the nonprofit sector. Journal of Nonprofit & Public Sector Marketing, 10(2), 41–65. https://doi.org/10.1300/J054v10n02_03
Shaikh, S. A., & Ismail, M. A. (2019). Exploring Dynamics of Private Giving as Income Support Institution for Endowment Deficient Consumers. In K. M. Ali, M. K. Hassan, & A. E. S. Ali (Eds.), Revitalization of Waqf for Socio-Economic Development, Volume II. (pp. 91–114). Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-18449-0_5
Shaikh, S., & McLarney, C. (2005). Where does all the money go? An investigation of donation filtration. International Journal of Sociology and Social Policy, 25(12), 81–91. https://doi.org/10.1108/01443330510791243
Sheeran, P. (2002). Intention–behavior relations: a conceptual and empirical review. European Review of Social Psychology, 12(1), 1–36. https://doi.org/10.1080/14792772143000003
Smith, A. (1759). The Theory of Moral Sentiments. Millar, Kincaid & Bell.
Smith, J. R., & McSweeney, A. (2007). Charitable giving: The effectiveness of a revised theory of planned behaviour model in predicting donating intentions and behaviour. Journal of Community & Applied Social Psychology, 17(5), 363–386. https://doi.org/10.1002/casp.906
Stryzhak, O. O. (2020). The relationship between education, income, economic freedom and happiness. The International Conference on History, Theory and Methodology of Learning (ICHTML 2020), 75, 03004. https://doi.org/10.1051/shsconf/20207503004
Sutton, S. (1998). Predicting and explaining intentions and behavior: How well are we doing? Journal of Applied Social Psychology, 28(15), 1317–1338. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1559-1816.1998.tb01679.x
Tkachuk, I., Sandal, J. U., & Vinnychuk, O. (2020). Impact of specific macroeconomic indicators on the formation of revenues of non-governmental organizations from personal contributions of the Ukrainian population. Administratie si Management Public, 34, 64–77. Online: https://tinyurl.com/ym94xs6e
Toleikienė, R., Balčiūnas, S., & Juknevičienė, V. (2020). Youth Attitudes Towards Intolerance to Corruption in Lithuania. Scientific Papers of the University of Pardubice. Series D, Faculty of Economics & Administration, 28(2), 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.46585/sp28020109
Tortia, E. C., Degavre, F., & Poledrini, S. (2020). Why are social enterprises good candidates for social innovation? Looking for personal and institutional drivers of innovation. Annals of Public and Cooperative Economics, 91(3), 459–477. https://doi.org/10.1111/apce.12265
Trasciani, G., Esposito, G., Petrella, F., Alfano, V., & Gaeta, G. L. (2023). The institutional shaping of third sector organizations: Empirical evidence from Italian provinces, Annals of Public and Cooperative Economics, 95(1), 153–176. https://doi.org/10.1111/apce.12425
Usmani, F., Jeuland, M., & Pattanayak, S. K. (2022). NGOs and the effectiveness of interventions. Review of Economics and Statistics, 1–45. https://doi.org/10.1162/rest_a_01217
Vaceková, G., & Svidroňová, M. (2016). Nonprofit organizations in selected CEE countries: A journey to sustainability. Masaryk University.
Valentinov, V. (2008). The economics of the non‐distribution constraint: a critical reappraisal. Annals of Public and Cooperative Economics, 79(1), 35–52. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-8292.2007.00351.x
Weisbrod, B.A. (2004). The pitfalls of profits. Stanford Social Innovation Review, 2(3), 40–47. https://doi.org/10.48558/82vx-ym41
West, L. A. (2004). Non-profits face funding pressures. Journal of Accountancy, 198(3), 16.
Zawadzka-Pąk, U. K. (2021). Values of Good, Truth, and Love in Participatory Budgeting in Poland. Institutiones Administrationis - Journal of Administrative Sciences, 1(1), 140–153. https://doi.org/10.54201/iajas.v1i1.16
Downloads
Published
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2024 Mária Murray Svidronova, Alena Kaščáková, Bohumír Krátky

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.